Read the passage, then choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C or D ( 15p ):

In the very distant geological past, all animals were aquatic. The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.

   Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.

 As amphibians, they possessed limbs instead of fins and lungs instead of gills. But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.

   Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals. They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts and high mountains, often far removed from the sea.  

Of the animals with backbones, the first to appear were………………

A. Mammals

B. Birds 

C.amphibians

D. Fish

Read the passage, then choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C or D ( 15p ):

In the very distant geological past, all animals were aquatic. The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.

   Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.

 As amphibians, they possessed limbs instead of fins and lungs instead of gills. But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.

   Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals. They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts and high mountains, often far removed from the sea.  

In converting to land life, animals acquired………….. 

A. eyes

B. Warm blood 

C.tails

D. Lungs

Read the passage, then choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C or D ( 15p ):

In the very distant geological past, all animals were aquatic. The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.

   Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.

 As amphibians, they possessed limbs instead of fins and lungs instead of gills. But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.

   Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals. They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts and high mountains, often far removed from the sea.  

Animals found desert living possible only……………………. 

A.When they became amphibious

B. When they were fully adapted to land 

C.After they could walk on two feet

D. If they migrated to sea periodically

Read the passage, then choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C or D ( 15p ):

In the very distant geological past, all animals were aquatic. The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.

   Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.

 As amphibians, they possessed limbs instead of fins and lungs instead of gills. But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.

   Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals. They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts and high mountains, often far removed from the sea.  

 The adaptation process described in the article was completed……………….

A. Over millions of years

B. Through biological changes 

C.By the receding of the sea

D. A and B

Read the passage, then choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C or D ( 15p ):

In the very distant geological past, all animals were aquatic. The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.

   Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.

 As amphibians, they possessed limbs instead of fins and lungs instead of gills. But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.

   Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals. They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts and high mountains, often far removed from the sea.  

The word "descendants" is closest in meaning to………….. 

A. descenders

B. Grand children 

C.Offspring

D. Ancestors

Read the passage, then choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C or D ( 15p ):

In the very distant geological past, all animals were aquatic. The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.

   Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.

 As amphibians, they possessed limbs instead of fins and lungs instead of gills. But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.

   Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals. They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts and high mountains, often far removed from the sea.  

The seashore was a barrier for descendants of fish-type because ………………… 

A. Crossing it required bodily changes 

B. The land once rose much higher above the sea 

C. Every attempt to cross it ended in death 

D. Once they crossed, there was no return Reptiles and mammals Amphibians

Read the passage, then choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C or D ( 15p ):

In the very distant geological past, all animals were aquatic. The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.

   Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.

 As amphibians, they possessed limbs instead of fins and lungs instead of gills. But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.

   Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals. They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts and high mountains, often far removed from the sea.  

Fish are suited to underwater life because of their…………………… 

A. scales

B. Gills 

C.Streamline shapes

D. All are correct

Read the passage, then choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C or D ( 15p ):

In the very distant geological past, all animals were aquatic. The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.

   Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.

 As amphibians, they possessed limbs instead of fins and lungs instead of gills. But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.

   Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals. They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts and high mountains, often far removed from the sea.  

An example of an amphibian's incomplete adaptation to land life is…………………….. 

A. Need to keep its skin wet

B. Scales-covered skin 

C.Return to water to lay eggs

D. Inability to breathe air

II. Read the passage then choose the word or phrase that best fits each space by circling A,B,C or D 

     For many people sport is a popular part of school life an (1) in one of the school teams and playing in matches is very important.   (2)  someone is in a team it means a lot of extra practice and often spending a Saturday or Sunday away (3) home, as many matches are played then.

               It (4) also involve traveling to other towns to play against other school teams and then (5) on after the match for a meal or a drink. Some parents, friends or other students will travel with the team to support (6) own side.

             When a school team wins a match, it is the whole school which feels proud, (7) only the players. It can also mean that a school (8) well-known for being good at certain sports and people from that school may end up playing (9) national and international and international teams so that the school has some really (10) names associated with it.

    1.   a.having            b. being            c. talking             d. putting

    2.   a. If                    b. As                c. Then              d. So

    3.   a. at                   b. on                 c. for                  d. from

    4.   a. ought             b. is                   c. can                 d. has

    5.   a. being             b. staying         c. leaving            d. spending

    6.   a. their               b. its                 c. our                  d. whose

    7.   a. but                 b. however       c. and                 d. not 

    8.   a. turns              b. makes          c. comes            d. becomes

    9.   a. up                   b. to                 c. for                 d. beside

    10. a. old                  b. new              c. common        d.famous

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